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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT0481>
<title>
Feb. 20, 1989: Stains On The White Continent
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Feb. 20, 1989 Betrayal:Marine Spy Scandal
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 77
Stains on the White Continent
</hdr><body>
<p>A disastrous oil spill stirs fears about Antarctica's future
</p>
<p>By Dick Thompson
</p>
<p> On the once pristine shores of the Antarctic Peninsula and
nearby islands, a vast oil slick has become a tide of death. The
spreading film has killed thousands of krill, the tiny
shrimplike crustaceans that are a major food source for fish,
birds and whales. Oil-soaked penguins are in danger of freezing
to death, and nearly all of the skua chicks have died.
</p>
<p> As teams of divers from the U.S. and South America struggled
last week to plug a hole in the Argentine ship Bahia Paraiso,
which had sunk and was leaking 3,000 gal. of fuel a day,
squadrons of scientists rushed in to assess the damage caused
by Antarctica's first major oil spill. "This is the worst
ecological disaster for Antarctica, period," says James Barnes,
general counsel to the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition.
It is sure to stoke the already heated debate over the future of
development, tourism and mining in Antarctica.
</p>
<p> The calamity began on Jan. 28, when the captain of the Bahia
Paraiso, a naval resupply ship that doubles as a tourist boat,
sailed through waters identified on charts as having "dangerous
ledges and pinnacles." The ship was shaken by a "terrible jolt,"
says passenger Nadia Le Bon. "I thought we hit an iceberg."
Instead, the ship had struck Full Astern Reef, which ripped a
30-ft. gash through its double hull and into the engine room.
With the ship listing and the smell of gasoline thick in the
air, the 314 passengers and crew members were rescued unharmed
by scientists in small boats from the U.S. research center at
Palmer Station, a mile away. But the ship began leaking its
250,000 gal. of oil and spilling cargo, including drums of
diesel and jet fuel and tanks of compressed gas, from its deck.
</p>
<p> The shipwreck is one result of the largely unregulated
growth of Antarctic enterprise. Says Peter Wilkniss, head of
the National Science Foundation's polar programs: "We are
witnessing the dawn of the commercial age in Antarctica."
Thousands of tourists are flocking to the once inaccessible
continent. Throughout the 1984-85 season, only 400 people
visited Antarctica, but in the week before the Bahia Paraiso hit
the reef, more than 500 visitors passed through Palmer Station
alone. And Antarctic tourists are doing more than sailing to
research centers for short visits and lecture tours. In 1988, 35
adventurers paid $35,000 each to set foot on the South Pole, and
this year another group is skiing 600 miles to the bottom of the
world. "Tourism really needs to be regulated," says Mary
Voyteck, a scientist with the Environmental Defense Fund.
</p>
<p> Whatever happens to tourism, the devastation from the oil
spill could be a serious setback to the idea of oil and mineral
exploration in Antarctica. Last May, 33 nations drafted an
agreement that would eventually open the area to mining and
drilling. That treaty, which the U.S. Senate will consider for
ratification in the next few months, is vigorously opposed by a
broad coalition of environmental groups. Any hopes that the
Senate will approve the agreement may have sunk with the Bahia
Paraiso.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>